The particle force chain distribution and fracture evolution characteristics of gangue specimens in the compression process were studied, and the macroscopic deformation mechanism was revealed from the mesoscopic perspective. The particle flow numerical software PFC2D was used to stimulate the particle breakage in the gangue compaction process, and the coal gangue particle model was established through particle cluster units. In this study, the laterally confined compression test of broken gangue was designed, the compaction deformation characteristics of gangue specimens under different loading rates were studied, the acoustic emission (AE) energy characteristics of gangue specimens under compression were analyzed, and the relationship model between macroscopic deformation of broken gangue under compression and AE energy was established. After backfilling into the goaf, bulk gangue serves as the main body to bear the load of overlying strata, and its deformation resistance is the key factor affecting the backfill quality.

Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.īulk gangue is a common backfill material in solid backfill mining.

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Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 ( Mineralogy) / CiteScore - Q2 ( Geology).High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, CaPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, Astrophysics Data System, AGRIS, and other databases.Open Access- free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.Minerals is published monthly online by MDPI. Is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of natural mineral systems, mineral resources, mining, and mineral processing.

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